Background: Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in both the developed and developing countries of the world. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity in urban and rural populations of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 adults selected by multi-stage sampling technique. Anthropometric assessment was in addition to questionnaire administration. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 statistical computer software package. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in both the urban and rural groups in this study, but it was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the urban group (overweight = 22.3%, obesity = 24.3%) as compared to the rural group (overweight = 17.7%, obesity = 7.4%). The predictors of overweight / obesity in the rural group were being married, average monthly income <N30,000:00 and consumption of fatty foods; while the predictors of overweight / obesity in the urban group were not engaging in moderate intensity sport, fitness or recreational activities, and family history of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in urban and rural communities of Sokoto State, Nigeria. These findings underscore the need for the Ministry of Health, Sokoto State, Nigeria to organize sensitization campaigns through the mass media to create awareness on the prevention and control of overweight and obesity among the residents in the state. In addition, the Sokoto State Government should make poverty alleviation and provision of sports and recreation facilities in workplaces top priorities.